Detailed analysis of stablecoin on-chain data: supply exceeds $200 billion, and the number of holding addresses reaches 130 million
Original title: ON–298: Stablecoins
Original source: OurNetwork
Original translation: TechFlow

From the editorial team:
The crypto space has reached an important milestone: the supply of stablecoins has exceeded $200 billion. This means that assets anchored to the US dollar are being widely used in personal and institutional payments, while their application in the field of decentralized finance (DeFi) is also expanding.

rwa.xyz
The rapid popularity of stablecoins may have a profound impact on the payment industry and the entire economic system. On a micro level, stablecoins have the potential to reduce payment costs to less than a cent; on a macro level, the easy availability of the dollar could pose a threat to countries with unstable currencies.
While this trend is still developing, if stablecoins have grown from a crypto niche to a major industry over the past five years, they could become even more integrated into our daily lives over the next five years.
Next, let’s take a look at the latest on-chain dynamics of these digital assets.
Stablecoins
USD0 | USDe | USDS | fxUSD | FDUSD | USDT
Stablecoin Supply Surpasses $200 Billion, Recording Fastest Growth
· The total stablecoin market has surpassed $200 billion, a record high. In just 40 days after the election, the market grew from $170 billion to $200 billion, the fastest growth rate since 2021. Tether (USDT) grew by $20 billion to $140 billion, ranking first; Circle's USDC grew by $6 billion to $41 billion; and Ethena's USDe doubled from $2.5 billion to $5.5 billion.

rwa.xyz
· The number of stablecoin holders continues to grow, now at 133 million. Of these, USDT leads with 81.7 million holders, while BSC-USD has 25.8 million. While USDC has seen slower growth, with only 18 million holders, smaller stablecoins like PYUSD and USDe are also rising rapidly, showing the diversification of the market.

rwa.xyz
· USD0, a stablecoin backed by Hashnote’s tokenized U.S. Treasury asset USYC, has grown by more than 130% in the past month, with a market cap of nearly $800 million. This growth is largely due to staking rewards of more than 30%, making USD0 the seventh largest stablecoin.

rwa.xyz
· Trading Focus:Tether pre-minted 4 billion USDT on Ethereum in the past 5 days, with each transaction volume ranging from 1 billion to 2 billion. This transaction is the latest pre-minting transaction, bringing the Tether Ethereum treasury balance to 1.5 billion. These tokens are expected to enter circulation in the next few days, further driving Tether's supply growth.

Ethena
sUSDe Total Value Locked Exceeds $4 Billion
· Ethena's stablecoin ecosystem has achieved significant growth in the past month, thanks to the current very favorable funding rate. In the past month, sUSDe's annualized rate of return (APY) exceeded 20%, and a large amount of funds flowed to Aave and Pendle. At the same time, more than 50 million USDe were distributed to sUSDe pledgers, and the supply of sUSDe doubled. USDe has now become the third largest stablecoin, second only to USDT and USDC.

Dune - @mcasto_
Demand for sUSDe in the lending market is very strong, especially in Uniswap's sUSDe-USDT pool, which is the largest pool in terms of total value locked (TVL) of sUSDe. The largest net buying volume of sUSDe occurred in this pool in the past day.

Dune - @mcasto_
· Due to the high yield of sUSDe, the demand for it in the lending market continues to grow. Aave raised the supply cap several times in December, and each time the cap was raised, it was quickly hit. At the same time, the lending demand for USDC and USDT also rose.

Dune - @mcasto_
· Transaction Focus:This is the largest single sUSDe transaction to Aave, totaling 66.68 million sUSDe. The address that triggered the transaction is the third largest borrower on the Spark platform, recently purchased a large amount of PT-sUSDe due on December 26, and may deposit these tokens into Morpho for further operations.
Sky Dollar
USDS Gains Momentum, Multi-Chain Expansion Helps Reach $1.2 Billion in Circulation
· Since its rebranding as Sky Ecosystem on September 18, 2024, USDS (Sky Dollar, formerly DAI) has grown rapidly after its launch on Ethereum, reaching $1 billion in circulation and peaking at $1.2 billion in mid-November. USDS has subsequently expanded to Solana and plans to land on the Base network soon. Decentralized exchanges (DEX) have also seen steady growth in trading volume, with cumulative trading volume currently at $1.2 billion on Ethereum and $542 million on Solana. Although Ethereum still accounts for 94% of the total supply, USDS adoption on Solana is rapidly increasing.

Dune - @seoul

Dune - @seoul
· USDS transactions show different characteristics on Solana and Ethereum. The average transaction amount on Solana is $3,000, showing its advantage in fast, low-cost small payments; while the average transaction amount on Ethereum is $24,000, which is more used for high-value financial activities.

Dune - @seoul
· After the name change, the volume of DAI conversion to USDS reached $2.4 billion, while the reverse conversion was $1.7 billion, mainly driven by transactions on decentralized exchanges. Despite the controversy caused by MakerDAO's name change, USDS's growth on multiple chains and increased supply are making it a strong competitor in the stablecoin market.

Dune - @seoul
f(x) Protocol
$65M in Locked Value Validates f(x) Protocol’s Sustainable Growth Model
· f(x) Protocol is focused on building sustainable stablecoin infrastructure, with a robust economic model that drives real growth. Currently, f(x) has a total value locked (TVL) of $65M while maintaining a stable anchor price of fxUSD. The upcoming v2 version will introduce a “USD Delta Neutral Stable Pool” that provides an annualized yield of over 10% (APY) without relying on inflationary token rewards, setting a new standard for DeFi returns.

DeFiLlama
· f(x) is designed with sustainability at its core, with protocol fees distributing over 900 ETH to users. This growth is entirely based on actual usage demand, rather than relying on token rewards.

DefiLlama
· The yield of f(x) Protocol has recently risen from 10% to over 30%, which is mainly derived from protocol fees and trading volume, reflecting the robust economic model of f(x).

DeFiLlama
· Trading Focus:A DeFi user has just deposited about $1 million into the fxUSD-GHO liquidity pool, aiming to obtain the high yield of over 30% APY provided by f(x) gauge. This large deposit reflects the market's growing confidence in f(x) Protocol
First Digital USD
FDUSD has different use cases on Ethereum and BNB
· Ethereum has always been the dominant chain in the stablecoin market, which is also reflected in the supply of FDUSD. Data shows that the demand and usage of FDUSD on Ethereum is higher than that of BNB chain. Recently, the supply of FDUSD on Ethereum has increased by $993 million, and the total supply has now reached $1.93 billion, compared to $921.3 million a year ago.

Dune - @sharples
· On Ethereum, FDUSD is mainly used for daily transactions (such as exchange, etc.), and more than 95% of the supply is concentrated on Binance. On the BNB chain, FDUSD is more used as a DeFi income tool.

Dune - @sharples
Tether
USDT transfer volume doubled, market share close to 70%
· Over the past year, USDT’s daily transfer volume has doubled from $19 billion to $42 billion (based on a 14-day moving average).

Artemis
· Aptos is one of the lowest transaction fee chains supported by Tether, with the fee to send USDT on the chain being just $0.0002.

gasfeesnow.com
· Tether’s circulation reached $138 billion (up 14% in the past month) and its market share is close to 70%, continuing its dominance in the stablecoin market.

DeFiLlama
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Sun Valley Releases 2025 Financial Report: Bitcoin Mining Revenue Reaches $670 Million, Accelerating Transformation to AI Infrastructure Platform
On March 16, 2026, in Dallas, Texas, USA, CanGu Company (New York Stock Exchange code: CANG, hereinafter referred to as "CanGu" or the "Company") today announced its unaudited financial performance for the fourth quarter and full year ended December 31, 2025. As a btc-42">bitcoin mining enterprise relying on a globally operated layout and dedicated to building an integrated energy and AI computing power platform, CanGu is actively advancing its business transformation and infrastructure development.
• Financial Performance:
Total revenue for the full year 2025 was $688.1 million, with $179.5 million in the fourth quarter.
Bitcoin mining business revenue for the full year was $675.5 million, with $172.4 million in the fourth quarter.
Full-year adjusted EBITDA was $24.5 million, while the fourth quarter was -$156.3 million.
• Mining Operations and Costs:
A total of 6,594.6 bitcoins were mined throughout the year, averaging 18.07 bitcoins per day; of which 1,718.3 bitcoins were mined in the fourth quarter, averaging 18.68 bitcoins per day.
The average mining cost for the full year (excluding miner depreciation) was $79,707 per bitcoin, and for the fourth quarter, it was $84,552;
The all-in sustaining costs were $97,272 and $106,251 per bitcoin, respectively.
As of the end of December 2025, the company has cumulatively produced 7,528.4 bitcoins since entering the bitcoin mining business.
• Strategic Progress:
The company has completed the termination of the American Depositary Receipt (ADR) program and transitioned to a direct listing on the NYSE to enhance information transparency and align with its strategic direction, with a long-term goal of expanding its investor base.
CEO Paul Yu stated: "2025 marked the company's first full year as a bitcoin mining enterprise, characterized by rapid execution and structural reshaping. We completed a comprehensive adjustment of our asset system and established a globally distributed mining network. Additionally, the company introduced a new management team, further strengthening our capabilities and competitive advantage in the digital asset and energy infrastructure space. The completion of the NYSE direct listing and USD pricing also signifies our transformation into a global AI infrastructure company."
"As we enter 2026, the company will continue to optimize its balance sheet structure and enhance operational efficiency and cost resilience through adjustments to the miner portfolio. At the same time, we are advancing our strategic transformation into an AI infrastructure provider. Leveraging EcoHash, we will utilize our capabilities in scalable computing power and energy networks to provide cost-effective AI inference solutions. The relevant site transformations and product development are progressing simultaneously, and the company is well-positioned to sustain its execution in the new phase."
The company's Chief Financial Officer, Michael Zhang, stated: "By 2025, the company is expected to achieve significant revenue growth through its scaled mining operations. Despite recording a net loss of $452.8 million from ongoing operations, mainly due to one-time transformation costs and market-driven fair value adjustments, the company, from a financial perspective, will reduce its leverage, optimize its Bitcoin reserve strategy and liquidity management, introduce new capital to strengthen its financial position, and seize investment opportunities in high-potential areas such as AI infrastructure while navigating market volatility."
The total revenue for the fourth quarter was $1.795 billion. Of this, the Bitcoin mining business contributed $1.724 billion in revenue, generating 1,718.3 Bitcoins during the quarter. Revenue from the international automobile trading business was $4.8 million.
The total operating costs and expenses for the fourth quarter amounted to $4.56 billion, primarily attributed to expenses related to the Bitcoin mining business, as well as impairment of mining machines and fair value losses on Bitcoin collateral receivables.
This includes:
· Cost of Revenue (excluding depreciation): $1.553 billion
· Cost of Revenue (depreciation): $38.1 million
· Operating Expenses: $9.9 million (including related-party expenses of $1.1 million)
· Mining Machine Impairment Loss: $81.4 million
· Fair Value Loss on Bitcoin Collateral Receivables: $171.4 million
The operating loss for the fourth quarter was $276.6 million, a significant increase from a loss of $0.7 million in the same period of 2024, primarily due to the downward trend in Bitcoin prices.
The net loss from ongoing operations was $285 million, compared to a net profit of $2.4 million in the same period last year.
The adjusted EBITDA was -$156.3 million, compared to $2.4 million in the same period last year.
The total revenue for the full year was $6.881 billion. Of this, the revenue from the Bitcoin mining business was $6.755 billion, with a total output of 6,594.6 Bitcoins for the year. Revenue from the international automobile trading business was $9.8 million.
The total annual operating costs and expenses amount to $1.1 billion.
Specifically, they include:
· Revenue Cost (excluding depreciation): $543.3 million
· Revenue Cost (depreciation): $116.6 million
· Operating Expenses: $28.9 million (including related-party expenses of $1.1 million)
· Miner Impairment Loss: $338.3 million
· Bitcoin Collateral Receivable Fair Value Change Loss: $96.5 million
The full-year operating loss is $437.1 million. The continuing operations net loss is $452.8 million, while in 2024, there was a net profit of $4.8 million.
The 2025 non-GAAP adjusted net profit is $24.5 million (compared to $5.7 million in 2024). This measure does not include share-based compensation expenses; refer to "Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" for details.
As of December 31, 2025, the company's key assets and liabilities are as follows:
· Cash and Cash Equivalents: $41.2 million
· Bitcoin Collateral Receivable (Non-current, related party): $663.0 million
· Miner Net Value: $248.7 million
· Long-Term Debt (related party): $557.6 million
In February 2026, the company sold 4,451 bitcoins and repaid a portion of related-party long-term debt to reduce financial leverage and optimize the asset-liability structure.
As per the stock repurchase plan disclosed on March 13, 2025, as of December 31, 2025, the company had repurchased a total of 890,155 shares of Class A common stock for approximately $1.2 million.

